Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium. While it may not be as well-known as other STIs, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, MG can cause significant discomfort and complications if left untreated. In this article, we’ll delve into the signs, symptoms, and causes of Mycoplasma genitalium infection, empowering individuals to recognize and seek appropriate care for this often-overlooked STI.
Signs and Symptoms:
Mycoplasma genitalium infection can manifest with a variety of signs and symptoms, although some individuals may remain asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra, leading to symptoms such as pain or burning during urination, increased frequency of urination, and discharge from the urethra.
- Cervicitis: Inflammation of the cervix in women, resulting in abnormal vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding or spotting (especially after intercourse), and pelvic pain.
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): In some cases, Mycoplasma genitalium infection can lead to PID, a serious infection of the female reproductive organs. Symptoms may include lower abdominal pain, fever, painful intercourse, and irregular menstrual bleeding.
It’s important to note that symptoms of MG infection can overlap with other STIs or urinary tract infections, making diagnosis challenging without proper testing.
Causes:
Mycoplasma genitalium is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. The bacterium can infect the urethra, cervix, vagina, and other reproductive organs, leading to inflammation and associated symptoms. Risk factors for Mycoplasma genitalium infection include:
- Unprotected Sex: Engaging in sexual activity without the use of condoms increases the risk of MG transmission.
- Multiple Sexual Partners: Having multiple sexual partners or engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors can increase the likelihood of coming into contact with Mycoplasma genitalium or other STIs.
- History of STIs: Individuals with a history of previous STIs may be at higher risk of acquiring Mycoplasma genitalium infection.
- Young Age: Younger individuals, particularly those under the age of 25, may be at increased risk of STIs, including Mycoplasma genitalium.
Diagnosis and Testing:
Diagnosing Mycoplasma genitalium infection typically involves laboratory testing of urine or genital swab samples. Testing may include:
- Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs): NAATs are highly sensitive and specific tests that can detect the genetic material (DNA) of Mycoplasma genitalium in urine or genital swab samples.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Tests: PCR tests are a type of NAAT that amplifies and detects specific DNA sequences of Mycoplasma genitalium, allowing for accurate diagnosis.
It’s essential to discuss any symptoms or concerns with a healthcare provider, who can recommend appropriate testing and treatment options.
Treatment and Prevention:
Treatment for Mycoplasma genitalium infection typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacterium. However, MG has shown resistance to certain antibiotics, making treatment challenging in some cases. Commonly prescribed antibiotics for MG infection include azithromycin and doxycycline, although other options may be recommended based on antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Preventing Mycoplasma genitalium infection involves practicing safe sex and using condoms consistently and correctly during sexual activity. Additionally, limiting the number of sexual partners and undergoing regular STI testing can help reduce the risk of MG and other STIs.
Mycoplasma genitalium infection is a common yet often overlooked STI that can cause significant discomfort and complications if left untreated. By understanding the signs, symptoms, and causes of MG infection, individuals can recognize the importance of seeking timely testing and treatment. If you suspect you may have Mycoplasma genitalium infection or have concerns about your sexual health, don’t hesitate to speak with a healthcare provider for guidance and support. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing MG infection and preventing potential complications.
